In Africa, the countries that stand out the most in terms of energy advancement and development are those that have managed to combine investment in infrastructure, consistent public policies, and access to international financing.
The “champions” vary depending on the criteria (energy production, renewables, fossil fuel exports, or electrification), but some cases are clear:
1. South Africa
The largest energy market on the continent.
Still heavily reliant on coal, but also a leader in renewable energy (solar and wind), with competitive auction programmes that have attracted tens of billions of dollars in investment.
Has the most extensive electricity transmission infrastructure in Africa.
2. Morocco
A global reference in solar energy with the Noor Ouarzazate megaproject.
Strategic focus on green hydrogen and integration with Europe through electricity interconnections.
Already generates more than 40% of its electricity from renewable sources.
3. Egypt
Notable for the Benban solar complex, one of the largest in the world.
Expanded natural gas capacity and built Africa’s largest combined-cycle power plant (Siemens).
Investing heavily in the export of green hydrogen and electricity to Europe.
4. Kenya
Africa’s leader in geothermal energy, which accounts for more than 40% of its power generation.
Reduced dependence on fossil fuels and exports electricity to neighbouring East African countries.
High renewable electrification rates.
5. Ethiopia
Known for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), set to become Africa’s largest hydroelectric plant.
Heavy reliance on hydropower as the backbone of its industrial development.
Already exporting electricity to Sudan and Djibouti.
6. Nigeria
Despite internal challenges, remains a giant in oil and gas.
LNG projects (such as Nigeria LNG and Train 7) strengthen its position as a global supplier.
Beginning to diversify with decentralised solar for rural electrification.
7. Mozambique
Emerging on the global map with two major LNG projects (Coral Sul FLNG and Mozambique LNG).
Untapped hydropower potential (Cahora Bassa and the future Mphanda Nkuwa).
Positioned to become one of the largest energy exporters in the near future.
In short, Africa’s energy champions can be grouped into three broad categories: renewables and innovation, where Morocco, Kenya, Egypt, and South Africa lead the way; mega-hydropower, driven by Ethiopia and Mozambique; and fossil fuels and natural gas, dominated by Nigeria, Angola, and Mozambique.
Together, these countries illustrate the continent’s diverse pathways towards energy security and economic transformation.
